American History X, raw extremism

Tony Kaye's terrifying American History X remains one of the most important films of the modern era for its raw and unflinching exploration of extremism, intolerance and the cyclical nature of hatred.

Edward Norton steps into the shoes of Derek Vinyard, a neo-Nazi skinhead who gets a chance to redeem himself after prison opens his eyes.

His rage-filled scenes are a feat, but Norton finds shades of wounded humanity beneath the bigotry.

Kaye's aesthetic is visceral and disturbing. We experience Derek's violent world through a hand-held camera that echoes his inner turmoil.

The director holds nothing back when it comes to showing the real cost of hatred, from the shocking scenes of murder to the toll it takes on innocent lives.

A superb cast, including Beverley D'Angelo, gives the film soul, while Ethan Hawke anchors the drama with a heartbreaking performance as Derek's troubled brother.

American History X seared into the national consciousness like few films before or since.

Its message of tolerance is more relevant than ever. An unforgettable work of cinematic courage that will impact generations to come.

Few films are as forceful in confronting difficult issues with stark authenticity. Kaye should be recognised for directing one of the true masterpieces of late 20th century cinema.

Edward Norton and Edward Furlong both received Golden Globe nominations for their outstanding performances.

It earned over $24 million worldwide on a modest budget of $25 million, making it a commercial success.

Reviews were overwhelmingly positive, but it failed to get Oscar and BAFTA nominations, probably due to its subject matter.